![]() ![]() Accordingly, arriving at accurate and credible quantitative results is challenging, because of the lack of fundamental science to support rigorous methods and tools. (5) Many available tools and methods, such as reporting frameworks (6) and scorecards, (7) are qualitative or semiquantitative in nature. ![]() While sustainable manufacturing provides information for quantifying sustainability, (4) the lack of available and standardized methodologies for full sustainability assessment impacts the effectiveness of the evaluation tools used by manufacturers, leading to results that vary in credibility and robustness. Such approaches are collectively known as sustainable manufacturing, (3) which relates to the collection and application of product data and their value chains. (2) Manufacturers are taking a wide variety of approaches that vary in the depth and level of quantification of sustainability. ![]() (1) Recently, this interest has grown to encompass the management of supply chains through the product end of life, including operations not within a manufacturer’s control. There is a growing interest among major manufacturers to integrate more sustainable practices into their operations. ![]() The metrics employed help to reconcile contrasting results from the life cycle impact assessment, such as water and energy use impacts, and provide a reduced set of practical, yet comprehensive, information to inform product-related decision-making. The integrated metrics point to greenhouse gases, criteria air pollutants, land used for pulpwood, and fossil fuel use as important emissions and resources to manage for improving the sustainability of paper towel production. Drivers of impacts from land use, resource use, and externality costs in the product life cycle are largely in the supply chains for raw materials and energy. The results show that the paper towels from the more state-of-the-art manufacturing line and newer facility are marginally more sustainable by the majority of environmental measures. In this work, four integrated metrics-presented in terms of land, resources, value added, and stability-are applied in a life cycle context, along with industrial process systems assessment and life cycle assessment, to evaluate Bounty paper towels from two manufacturing lines. However, such approaches are rarely used to assess product supply chains. Integrated sustainability metrics provide an enriched set of information to inform decision-making. ![]()
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